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COPD(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a broad classification of disorders that includes chronic bronchitis , bronchiectasis , emphysema and asthma , which is an irreversible condition associated with dyspnea on exertion and decreased air flow in and out of the lungs. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease that causes airway obstruction, including therein is asthma , chronic bronchitis and emphysema Pulmonum . Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a lung disorder characterized by impaired lung function in the form of prolonged expiratory period caused by the narrowing of the airways and not much changed in the period of observation for some time. Disease chronic obstructive lung is a term used for a group of lung diseases that last long and is characterized by increased resistance to air flow as the main pathophysiological picture. Classification Diseases included in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease group are as follows: 1. Chronic Bronchitis Bronchi...

A. Conservative: 1. Control of acute and chronic infection, mucus secretion, airway obstruction and complications, such as: coughing up blood, respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, in order to prolong life, improve quality of life and prevent disease progression. 2. Antibiotics if there is infection. 3. Chest physiotherapy and postural drainage with forced expiratory technique for removing secretions. 4. Aerosols with physiologic saline or beta agonists prior to chest physiotherapy may facilitate the release of sputum / secretions. 5. Bronchodilators to improve airflow, helping mukosilia clearance and physiotherapy improve outcomes. 6. Corticosteroids when there is severe bronchospasm ( CPOD or Asthma Bronchiale ). B. Surgery: Indications of surgery: Local Bronchiectasis Haemoptoe massive. Tags : bronchiectasis pneumonia , what is bronchiectasis , bronchiectasis copd , bronchiectasis symptoms , bronchiectasis treatment , bronchiectasis definition , cystic bronchiectasis , Management b...

Clinical Symptoms of Bronchiectasis Chronic productive cough, continuous or repetitive. Coughing up blood, blood mixed sputum to massive coughing up blood. acute exacerbation accompanied by heat. Sputum mucoid, or purulent mukopurulen, when collected in a transparent glass look three layers: a layer of froth on top, the middle layer of mucus, pus and debris lining the bottom. Shortness of breath, and breath sounds. local wet crackles and settled. Wheezing can be found. Cachexia, cyanosis and clubbing in advanced cases. Diagnosis Diagnosis of bronchiectasis is established on the basic of: Complaints and symptoms were found on physical examination. Chest X-ray PA photo: normal in mild bronchiectasis. In severe cases, can seem "tram tracks" (two parallel lines like a tram tracks). The existence of the shadow ring when cut crosswise. If there is mucus plugging thick  --> linear density, or Y-shaped or V ("gloves-finger sign"). In cystic bronchiectasis, cystic cavit...

Bronchiectasis is abnormal and permanent dilatation of bronchi and cartilaginous being, accompanied by destruction of muscle and elastic components of the walls. Etiology and pathogenesis A bronchial wall inflammation, causing damage and dilatation. Contributing factors are: 1. Infection: primary and secondary. Primary or secondary infection, either repeatedly or continuously, by: bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, and mycobacterial clearance mukosilia and will damage the airway epithelium. In children is often caused by: measles, whooping cough, severe pneumonia or aspiration. Primary tuberculosis is often also leads to bronchiectasis . Endobronchial tuberculosis causing necrosis, focal stenosis due to endobronchial inflammation, enlarged lymph nodes give emphasis or endobronchial obstruction, and scarring of the parenchyma causes distortion of the airway. 2. Inhalation of toxic chemicals or materials imunoaktif. Inhalation of toxic chemicals or materials imunoaktif or autoimmune react...